EDUKASI DAN PENYULUHAN GEJALA SERTA PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BLAS DAN KRESEK TANAMAN PADI DI NAGARI SUNGAI DAREH, SUMATERA BARAT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v11i2.1653Keywords:
Blas, Mushrooms, Kresek, Paddy, ExtensionAbstract
Nagari Sungai Dareh is a part of the Punjung Island District, West Sumatra which has a relatively flat topography and tropical climate. Most of the population works as farmers, so there are many rice planting areas. Problems faced by local farmers are blast and bacterial leaf blight disease attacks, while no appropriate control methods have been found. Therefore, this service was carried out which aims to increase farmers' knowledge about the symptoms and control of these two types of diseases. The equipment used in this activity includes stationery, projectors, presentation materials, and speakers. This service activity was carried out in 3 stages which included 1) Focus Group Discussion, 2) location survey and direct observation in rice cultivation fields, and 3) education and extension on the symptoms and control of blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases. During the presentation, farmers were enthusiastic in listening. Discussions took place well between the presenters and farmers. Blast disease is caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae, while bacterial leaf blight is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae. Blast disease gives symptoms in the form of grayish-brown rhombic spots, while bacterial leaf blight symptoms are yellowing, pale, dry leaves starting from the tips, edges to spread to all parts of the leaf. Both diseases can be well controlled through the use of resistant varieties and improved cultivation techniques. The application of appropriate doses of N fertilizer can suppress blast and bacterial leaf blight attacks, because the higher the N applied causes the plant tissue to be softer, making it easily infected by fungi and bacteria. This activity succeeded in increasing farmers' knowledge about the symptoms of blast and crackle diseases and the best methods to suppress them.
Downloads
References
Aditya, R. H., Wahyuni, W. S., & Mihardjo, P. A. (2015). Ketahanan lapangan lima genotipe padi terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 11(5), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.11.5.159
Ashar, B. L., Nurmansyah, A., & Widodo, W. (2019). Simulasi sebaran penyakit blas pada tanaman padi menggunakan model spatial multi criteria evaluation: Studi kasus Kabupaten Karawang dan Purwakarta. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 15(2), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.15.2.59-68
Laraswati, R., Ramdan, P. E., & Kulsum, U. (2021). Identifikasi penyebab penyakit hawar daun bakteri pada kombinasi pola tanam system of rice intensification (SRI) dan jajar legowo. Prosiding Peningkatan Produktivitas Pertanian Era Society 5.0 Pasca Pandemi. Jember, 22 Juli 2021.
Leiwakabessy, C., Inayatri, F., Jambormias, E., Patty, J., & Ririhena, R. E. (2020). Ketahanan enam varietas padi terhadap penyakit blas (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) pada lahan sawah irigasi dan sawah tadah hujan. Jurnal Budidaya Pertanian, 16(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2020.16.2.147
Lestari, S. A., Ramdan, E. P., & Kulsum, U. (2021). Identifikasi penyebab penyakit blas padi pada kombinasi pola tanam system of rice intensification (SRI) dan jajar legowo. Agropross, National Conference Proceeding of Agriculture, 5(1), 312–321. https://doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2021.235
Ningsih, M. S., Susilo, E., Rahmadina, R., Qolby, F. H., Tanjung, D. D., Anis, U., Susila, E. N., Panggabean, N. H., Priyadi, S., Nasution, J., Sari, N. Y., Baharuddin, R., & Wisnubroto, M. P. (2024). Dasar-dasar fisiologi tumbuhan. Padang, Indonesia: CV Hei Publishing Indonesia.
Purnomo, D. H., Giyanto, Wiyono, S., & Widodo. (2022). Suppression of blast disease in rice plants using endophytic fungus Nigrospora sp. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 18(5), 195–204. https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.18.5.195-204
Salimah, N. A., Kuswinanti, T., & Nasruddin, A. (2021). Eksplorasi dan penentuan ras penyebab penyakit blas padi di Kabupaten Maros. Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia, 17(2), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.14692/jfi.17.2.41-48
Sandy, G., Ratih, S., Suharjo, R., & Akin, H. M. (2019). Pengaruh Trichoderma sp. sebagai agen peningkatan ketahanan tanaman padi terhadap penyakit hawar daun. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 7(3), 423–432.
Sanuriza, I. I., Suprapta, D. N., Kawuri, R., Suriani, N. L., Sudantha, I. M., Jayadi, I., & Ihwan, K. (2024). First report of Pyricularia oryzae, the cause of blast disease in upland rice, in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 25(2), 683–689. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d250227
Suganda, T., Yulia, E., Widiantini, F., & Hersanti. (2016). Intensitas penyakit blas (Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) pada padi varietas Ciherang di lokasi endemik dan pengaruhnya terhadap kehilangan hasil. Jurnal Agrikultura, 27(3), 154–159.
Suwarman, S., Sudarti, S., Ashar, B. L., Nuzulullia, U., Nirwati, D., Kulsum, U., Bagariang, W., Darmadi, D., Prasetyaningtiyas, R. A., Gunawan, R., & Faridah, I. (2023). Prakiraan serangan OPT utama padi, jagung, kedelai, dan akabi di Indonesia MT. 2023. Jakarta, Indonesia: Balai Besar Peramalan Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan, Direktorat Jenderal Tanaman Pangan, Kementerian Pertanian.
Wisnubroto, M. P. (2023). Pemanfaatan mikroorganisme lokal berbasis bonggol pisang dalam upaya refungsionalisasi digester biogas di Padukuhan Grogol IX, Parangtritis, Kretek, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Dinamisia: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 7(4), 949–954. https://doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v7i4.15283
Wisnubroto, M. P., Edwin, W., Kumala Sari, W., Heriza, S., Rezki, D., Ikhsan, Z., Suhendra, D., Karjunita, N., & Hasibuan. (2023). Optimalisasi lahan pekarangan rumah dengan penanaman buah-buahan di Nagari Sungai Kambut, Kabupaten Dharmasraya, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Abdi Insani, 10(2), 1092–1102. https://doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v10i2.984
Wisnubroto, M. P. (2024). Sosialisasi dan edukasi gemar makan buah anak usia dini di Padukuhan Grogol X, Parangtritis, Bantul, Yogyakarta. Buletin Dharmas Andalas, 1(1), 12–17.
Yuliani, D., & Rohaeni, W. R. (2017). Heritabilitas, sumber gen, dan durabilitas ketahanan varietas padi terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 36(2), 99–108. https://doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v36n2.2017.p99-108
Yuliani, D., & Sudir. (2017). Komposisi dan dominasi patotipe Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, penyebab penyakit hawar daun bakteri pada tanaman padi dengan sistem pengairan berbeda di Kabupaten Karawang. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Hayati, 16(3), 219–330.
Yuliani, D., Suprihanto, & Sudir. (2021). Ketahanan varietas unggul baru dan galur isogenik padi terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri pada kondisi lapangan. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan, 5(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.21082/jpptp.v5n1.2021.p15-24
